Which statement is not a required element for attorney-client privilege?

• A. The communication must be confidential.
• B. The communication must be made to facilitate legal services.
• C. The purpose is to obtain or provide legal services.
• D. The communication must be in writing.

Answer: (D)

Attorney-client privilege protects confidential communications between a client and attorney when the purpose is to seek or receive legal services and the expectation of confidentiality is maintained. The form of the communication is not essential—the privilege covers both oral and written exchanges—as long as the communication is intended to be confidential and made for obtaining or providing legal services. So, requiring the communication to be in writing is not a necessary element; oral conversations can be privileged if they meet the confidentiality and purpose requirements.