Which of the following is NOT an element of adequate provocation for voluntary manslaughter?

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Adequate provocation for voluntary manslaughter relies on a provocative act that would cause an ordinary person to lose self-control and the defendant actually being provoked, with little or no time to cool off between the provocation and the killing. The idea is that the killing occurred in the heat of passion triggered by the provocation, before cooler judgment could set in.

So, the statement that the defendant cooled off between the provocation and the killing does not fit this framework. If the defendant did cool off, the provocation generally fails to create the heat-of-p passion necessary for the defense. The other elements—that the provocation would cause sudden, intense passion in an ordinary person, and that there was actual provocation with insufficient time to cool off—are the factors that support adequate provocation.