Under rational basis review, which statement is true?

• A. Alienage classifications may be sustained if they relate to self-government or immigration actions by Congress.
• B. Age, wealth, and disability are always subject to strict scrutiny.
• C. All classifications automatically fail rational basis.
• D. The government may use race-based classifications under rational basis.

Answer: (A)

Rational basis review is highly deferential: a law or regulation will be sustained if there is any plausible connection to a legitimate government interest. Alienage classifications are a special area where the Court recognizes broad latitude, especially because of Congress’s plenary power over immigration and naturalization. When an alienage distinction is tied to self-government (the political processes and eligibility rules that govern who participates in government) or to immigration actions by Congress, such classifications can be sustained under rational basis review. That’s why the statement is true.

The other ideas don’t align with how rational basis works. Age, wealth, and disability are not automatically subject to strict scrutiny; they are typically evaluated under rational basis (though some contexts may invite heightened scrutiny). Race-based classifications are generally not permitted under rational basis and usually require something closer to strict scrutiny. And rational basis does not automatically doom all classifications.